What is meant by "probable cause" in criminal law?

Probable cause in criminal law refers to the reasonable grounds to believe that a crime has been committed. This standard is critical as it dictates when law enforcement officers can make arrests, conduct searches, or obtain warrants.

To establish probable cause, there must be sufficient evidence or reliable information indicating that a specific individual has engaged in criminal behavior. This requirement balances the need for effective law enforcement with the protection of individuals from arbitrary governmental action. The standard is higher than mere suspicion but does not require the certitude that comes with a conviction.

While reasonable suspicion might suggest that a crime could be happening, it does not meet the stricter criteria necessary to justify more invasive actions by law enforcement, such as arrests or searches. Therefore, the correct answer encapsulates the legal threshold that must be met before taking significant law enforcement steps.