What is "first-degree murder"?

First-degree murder is characterized by the elements of premeditation and intent. This means that the perpetrator planned the killing ahead of time and acted with the intention to cause death or significant bodily harm. The requirement of premeditation distinguishes first-degree murder from other types of homicide, such as second-degree murder, which may involve intent but lacks the premeditated component.

In contrast to other types of killings mentioned in the options, first-degree murder embodies a deliberate and conscious decision to take a life. This is why it holds a unique position in criminal law and typically carries the most severe penalties, reflecting the gravity of the offense due to its calculated nature.

The other options, such as killings occurring in the heat of passion or due to provocation, relate to various forms of homicide that may involve emotional response or lack of intent, thus differentiating them from first-degree murder, which requires a clear and intentional plan to kill. Similarly, homicide caused by negligence is not premeditated and does not involve the intent required for first-degree murder.