What does "mitigating circumstances" refer to in sentencing?

Mitigating circumstances are factors that can help to lessen the severity of a sentence in a criminal case. These considerations provide context that may lead a judge or jury to impose a lighter sentence than what might otherwise be mandated by law. For example, mitigating circumstances can include a defendant's lack of prior criminal record, evidence of mental illness, or circumstances that may have influenced the crime, such as a difficult upbringing or significant personal stressors.

The role of these circumstances is to offer a comprehensive view of the defendant's situation, which can justify a more lenient approach in sentencing, reflecting an understanding of the nuances surrounding their behavior. By acknowledging mitigating circumstances, the judicial system aims to apply justice that is proportionate and fair, taking into account various influences that might have driven a person to commit an offense.